Abstract The germination potential must be considered in the selection of passion fruit genotypes, since vigorous seeds originate seedlings with a higher growth rate, resulting in superior plants with high agronomic performance. This study proposes to estimate genetic parameters and selection gain for seed traits of full-sib families (FSF) of passion fruit under recurrent selection for resistance to the cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV). Physical and physiological seed traits of 86 FSF were evaluated; genetic parameters, genotypic correlations between traits and genetic gains were estimated using four selection indices. There were significant differences and genetic variability between families and positive genetic correlations between variables. The best distribution of genetic gains was obtained by the Mulamba and Mock index, using the heritability coefficient and arbitrary weights. This index selected the best 26 families in terms of seed characteristics to compose the second cycle of recurrent selection for resistance to CABMV.

ABSTRACT Investigating the physiological potential of seeds and genetic divergence between families is essential to identify promising materials for the generation of improved populations. This study was undertaken to examine the germination potential and estimate genetic divergence between Passiflora full-sib families (FSFs) based on physical and physiological seed traits. The experiment was consisted of 86 FSFs from the first cycle of recurrent selection for resistance to the cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus. Seeds were evaluated for 19 physical and physiological traits. Dissimilarity estimates were obtained by generalized Mahalanobis distance, and the method unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean was employed for cluster formation. The FSFs showed high germination potential and seed vigor, with mean of 92.4%, 5.68 e 5.81 cm for germination, germination speed index (GSI) and shoot length of seedlings, respectively. Cluster analysis resulted in four groups formed, being Group I composed by 68 FSF more the control Passiflora edulis. The trait 1,000-seed weight (TSW) was the trait that most contributed to explaining the dissimilarity between families, with 31.9%. The trait GSI (physiological), TSW (physical), as well as traits provided by the GroundEye® system (CIELab-b, hue, and circumference of seeds), were efficient in determining genetic divergence detected between the families of passion fruit. These traits can be taken as a basis in the selection of genotypes with higher physiological seed quality.

RESUMO Variedades locais de milho doce (Zea mays L.) representam importante fonte de genes para programas de melhoramento, especialmente em modelos de pesquisa participativa. Avaliou-se o desempenho agronômico de sete variedades locais de milho doce (2255A, 2029A, 2276A, 2514A, 3000A, 741B e 319A) portadoras do gene sugary1 na condição homozigótica e duas testemunhas, em quatro ambientes [Anchieta (altitudes: 422 e 717 m), Guaraciaba (altitude: 624 m) e Florianópolis (altitude: 5 m)], no estado de Santa Catarina. As variedades 3000A e 319A apresentaram bom desempenho nas diferentes altitudes para comprimento de espiga e de grão e rendimento de espiga. Em altitudes intermediárias (422 e 624 m), as médias de rendimento de espiga sem palha (grão leitoso) destas variedades ficaram próximas a 12,5 t ha-1 (3000A) e 10,0 t ha-1 (319A). As variedades 2029A, 741B, 2514A, 2276A e 2255A destacaram-se pelo comprimento e diâmetro da espiga, número de fileiras da espiga e comprimento do grão. O melhor desempenho das variedades locais de milho doce foi observado em sua região de origem, especialmente nas altitudes entre 400 e 650 m. Essas variedades são adaptadas à região e são alternativas promissoras para utilização em programas de melhoramento que visam à obtenção de maior variabilidade potencial para a seleção.

ABSTRACT Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) local varieties are important gene sources for breeding programs, mainly in participatory research models. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of seven sweet corn local varieties (2255A, 2029A, 2276A, 2514A, 3000A, 741B and 319A) carrying the sugary1 gene under homozygotic condition and two controls, at four environments [Anchieta (altitudes: 422 and 717 m), Guaraciaba (altitude: 624 m) and Florianópolis (altitude: 5 m)], in the Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The varieties 3000A and 319A showed a good performance in the different altitudes for ear and grain length and ear yield. At intermediate altitudes (422 and 624 m), the mean husked ear yield (milky grain) of these varieties were close to 12.5 t ha-1 (3000A) and 10.0 t ha-1 (319A). The varieties 2029A, 741B, 2514A, 2276A and 2255A stood out for ear length and diameter, number of ear rows and grain length. The best performance of the sweet corn local varieties was observed in their region of origin, mainly at altitudes ranging from 400 to 650 m. These varieties are adapted to the region and are promising alternatives to be used in breeding programs focused on finding a greater potential variability for selection purposes.

RESUMO Variedades locais de arroz de sequeiro vêm sendo conservadas por agricultores familiares do oeste catarinense. Contudo, não existem dados na literatura sobre a qualidade e o rendimento industrial dessas variedades, bem como dos efeitos dos genótipos, do ambiente e da interação genótipo x ambiente. Avaliaram-se a renda de benefício e grãos inteiros, quebrados, barrigas brancas e gessados, em experimentos delineados em blocos completos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em dois locais. A renda e a taxa de grãos inteiros e quebrados foram de 57,93-69,90 %, 38,73-66,0 % e 3,40-22,15 %, respectivamente, com 15 variedades locais atingindo valores semelhantes aos obtidos por variedades modernas de arroz de sequeiro. Os maiores valores para renda e grãos inteiros foram obtidos em Anchieta (local de procedência das variedades). Os percentuais de ocorrência de grãos barriga branca e gessados foram de 0,10-8,68 % e 0,02-3,12 %, respectivamente. As diferenças foram significativas (p ≤ 0,05) para os efeitos do genótipo, ambiente e interação genótipo x ambiente, para a renda de benefício. Para grãos inteiros e quebrados, as diferenças foram significativas (p ≤ 0,05) para genótipo e ambiente, mas não para a interação genótipo x ambiente. Para grãos barriga branca e gessados, as diferenças resultaram significativas (p ≤ 0,05) para genótipo e interação, e não significativas para ambiente. Foram observadas diferenças quanto à estabilidade das variedades, em relação a todas as variáveis de rendimento industrial estudadas, e estabelecido um ranking de estabilidade.

ABSTRACT Family farmers in the western Santa Catarina state, Brazil, have conserved local dryland rice varieties. However, the literature lacks data about the milling performance of these varieties, as well as about the effects of genotypes, environment and genotype x environment interaction. The current study aimed to evaluate the milling yield, as well as whole, broken, white-belly and chalky grains, in experiments designed in complete randomized blocks, with four replications, in two sites. The rates for milling yield and whole and broken grains were, respectively, 57.93-69.90 %, 38.73-66.0 % and 3.40-22.15 %, with 15 local varieties reaching values similar to those recorded for modern dryland rice varieties. The Anchieta county (origin of the varieties) recorded the highest values for milling yield and whole grain. The incidence rates for white-belly and chalky grains were, respectively, 0.10-8.68 % and 0.02-3.12 %. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were observed for genotype, environment and genotype x environment interaction effects, concerning the milling yield. For whole and broken grains, the differences were significant (p ≤ 0.05) for genotype and environment, but not significant for genotype x environment interaction. For white-belly and chalky grains, the differences were significant (p ≤ 0.05) for genotype and genotype x environment interaction, but not significant for environment. For all the studied milling yield variables, differences were observed for the varieties' stability, as well as established a stability ranking.

Resumen En el presente trabajo se evaluaron la productividad de granos (GY), la capacidad de expansión (PE), la capacidad de expansión sin el peso de los granos no reventados (PEW), además de otras 11 características agronómicas y morfológicas de 14 variedades locales de maíz (Zea mays L.) ‘pira’ (LPV) provenientes del extremo oeste de Santa Catarina, en el sur de Brasil. Utilizando un delineamiento experimental de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones se realizaron dos experimentos, en dos regiones diferentes del estado de Santa Catarina; un primer ensayo en Florianopolis (litoral este) y un segundo ensayo en el municipio de Anchieta (extremo oeste). La mayor correlación positiva se observó entre productividad y prolificidad (PRL) (r = 0.72) seguida de la productividad vs. el número de granos por fila (NGR) (r = 0.71), mientras que con el índice de circularidad de la cariópside (CCI) la correlación fue negativa (r = -0.67). La variable (PEW) mostro correlación positiva con CCI (r = 0.70) y con la relación espesor/largo (TWR) (r = 0.70). La variedad de maíz pira 574A se destacó por sus altos valores de PE y PRL. El mejoramiento de poblaciones compuestas y de poblaciones per se es una estrategia de selección potencial para LPV, basada en la complementariedad y correlación entre las variables y los valores de GY, PE, PEW, TWR CCI - HEP - relación entre altura de la primera mazorca/altura de la planta; PH - altura de la planta; PRL - WHG - peso de 100 gramos; VHG - volumen de 100 gramos; EL - longitud de la mazorca; NRE - numero de filas por mazorca; NGR - ED - diámetro de la mazorca.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate grain yield (GY), popping expansion (PE), popping expansion disregarding the weight of unpopped kernels (PEW), and eleven other agronomic and morphological traits of 14 local popcorn varieties (LPV) from far west of the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Two experiments were carried out, in a completely randomized block design with three replications, in different regions of Santa Catarina: one in the municipality of Florianópolis (east coast) and the other in Anchieta (western). Grain yield had the highest positive correlation with prolificacy (PRL) (r = 0.72) and number of grains per row (NGR) (r = 0.71), and a negative correlation with caryopsis circularity index (CCI) (r = -0.67). Variable PEW showed a positive correlation with CCI (r = 0.70) and with thickness/width ratio (TWR) (r = 0.70). Variety 574A stood out for high PE and PRL. The improvement of composite populations and of populations per se is a potential breeding strategy for LPV, based on the complementarity and correlation among variables and the GY, PE, and PEW values, CCI - HEP - first ear height/plant height relation, PH - plant height; PRL - WHG - weight of 100 grains; VHG - volume of 100 grains; EL - ear length; NRE - number of rows per ear; NGR - number of grains per row of ear; ED - ear diameter.